Active Learning
Active learning is the process by which learners actively seek, select, and organize information, shaping their own learning experiences rather than passively receiving information. It encompasses a wide range of behaviors, from making choices about what and how to learn to deciding which sources to
Associationism
Associationism proposes that most (if not all) animal—including human—understanding, and the ability to act upon that understanding, is the result of learned mental associations. Associations can be thought of as theoretical connections between remembered or imagined experiences. Although associatio
Motor Learning
Humans possess a remarkable ability to acquire, adapt, and retain movements—a capacity known as motor learning (literally “learning to move,” from the Latin movere, “to move”). Through motor learning, we continuously compare expected movement outcomes with actual movement outcomes, using errors, rew
Multi-Representational Learning
Multi-representational learning refers to the way that people learn when they interpret more than one representation that others, often experts, have created or when they construct multiple representations for themselves. Examples include reading books replete with text, photographs, diagrams, or pa
Social Learning
Social learning broadly refers to learning that occurs through the learner’s social experiences, such as observing or interacting with others. In contrast, asocial or individual learning refers to learning that takes place in the absence of social input, such as through the exploration of one’s phys
Statistical Learning
Statistical learning refers to the ability to track patterns in the environment. These patterns occur in a wide array of domains (e.g., speech, scenes, melodies). Humans track statistics over stimuli ranging from simple units (e.g., phonemes, tones, geometric shapes) to abstract categories (e.g., pa